View source for Westgate shopping centre, Oxford

==Article in [http://www.newsteelconstruction.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/digi/NSCMarch17digi/index.html#/12/ NSC March 2017]==
{{#image_template:image=File:Westgate_Oxford-1.jpg‎|align=right|wrap=true|caption=Picture shows Block 3 which is two structures either side of the street and Blocks 1 and 2 at the bottom of the photo|width=400}}
'''Retail scheme buys into steel construction'''<br>
[[Construction|Construction]] of a shopping centre in Oxford city centre combines a remodelled existing mall along with a [[Braced_frames|steel-framed]] new build element.<br>
''By Martin Cooper''<br>

Said to be the largest [[Construction|construction]] project in Oxford city centre in more than a decade, the multimillion pound Westgate scheme will transform an existing [[Retail_buildings#Shopping centres|shopping centre]] and a large plot formerly occupied by a car park into a 74,300m<sup>2</sup> retail and leisure destination due to be completed by the end of the year. The new Westgate Oxford will include more than 100 new shops, 25 restaurants and cafes, a boutique [[Leisure_buildings#Theatres and auditoria|cinema]], rooftop terrace dining, a large John Lewis anchor store and a [[Residential_and_mixed-use_buildings#Residential buildings in urban areas|residential block]] containing 59 flats. 

Main contractor Laing O’Rourke began work in January 2015, and its 30-month contract encompasses the [[Construction|construction]] of the new elements, which are predominantly sat atop a 1,000-space underground car park, as well as the extensive remodelling of the existing Westgate [[Retail_buildings#Shopping centres|shopping centre]]. This 1972-built reinforced concrete shopping mall has been partially demolished, leaving approximately three quarters of the three-storey structure to be integrated into the new scheme.

Fronting Bonn Square and Castle Street, this retained structure will provide one of the main entrances into the new Westgate and more than 1,000t of the project’s overall 7,000t steel tonnage has been used for the remodelling. The rear portion of the structure, formerly occupied by C&A, was demolished, with the cut between what stayed and what went being made along an existing movement joint.

“A new entrance has been created, but most of the new steelwork within this building has been used to form new and more prominent shop fronts along the central pedestrian mall, as well as infilling areas that previously accommodated lift and stair [[Concept_design#Concrete or steel cores|cores]] and creating structural support around new tenants opening requirements,” explains Waterman Structures Project Director Karen Telling. “Steelwork supporting [[Steel_construction_products#Decking for floors|metal decking]] is ideal for this kind of infilling work as it is quick and relatively easy to install in confined spaces.”

The remodelled and revamped mall will connect directly into the new covered shopping street, which, similarly to the older mall, will be spanned by a [[Steel-supported_glazed_facades_and_roofs#Atrium Roofs and Sky lights|glazed roof]]. To help the existing building fully integrate into the new scheme, it was cut back approximately to the structural movement joint line and a new [[Braced_frames|steel-framed]] extension, comprising two independent bespoke buildings, has been connected onto the reinforced concrete frame to create a transition zone.
<gallery widths=300px heights=200px> 
Image:Westgate_Oxford-2.jpg |A bull-nosed feature extension has been added to the existing mall
Image:Westgate_Oxford-3.jpg |Three [[Trusses|trusses]] form a service yard
Image:Westgate_Oxford-4.jpg |[[Bridges|Steel bridges]] span the new mall
</gallery>
<br>
The extensions are three-storeys high, matching the retained structure’s height, providing the scheme with modern [[Retail_buildings#Flexibility|flexible retail space]]. The steel extensions include a basement which will be used as a service yard. As delivery trucks need a large column-free space, three large steel [[Trusses|trusses]] weighing up to 33t and measuring up to 25m-long have been installed.

“The [[Trusses|trusses]] are the depth of one storey, with the top boom being at second floor level and the bottom boom being at first floor level. The upper ground floor steel was suspended from the bottom of the [[Trusses|trusses]],” explains BHC Project Manager Bobby McCormick. BHC, the project’s steelwork contractor, has predominantly used the site’s [[Construction#Tower cranes|tower cranes]] for its [[Construction#Steel erection|steel erection]], but some of the larger and heavier elements, including the [[Trusses|trusses]], have necessitated the need for [[Construction#Mobile cranes|mobile cranes]] to be brought to site.

For the new build part of the scheme steelwork is playing a leading role in the [[Construction|construction]] programme. Excluding the concrete-framed John Lewis store (known as block 1), the project includes three other [[Braced_frames|steel-framed]] [[Retail_buildings|retail buildings]]: block 4 which is the remodelled building and its new extensions, Block 3 which is in fact two buildings sat either side of the shopping street and block 2 which is another three-storey [[Retail_buildings|retail building]] positioned at the 90 degrees to 3 and 4, and sat at the top of the street where it turns at right angles towards the John Lewis store.

A series of [[Bridges|steel bridges]] links the blocks at second and third floor levels, with the longest of these structures spanning 22m across the main covered street.
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The majority of the new build parts of the scheme are founded on a suspended concrete slab which sits atop of a two-level underground car park. Prior to the steelwork starting on this area a large enabling works and excavation programme was undertaken by Laing O’Rourke. “An archaeological dig was also undertaken and a number of interesting objects were discovered as there was once a priory on the site,” says Laing O’Rourke Project Director Chris Rafferty.

The new [[Braced_frames|steel-framed]] retail blocks are predominantly [[Construction#Steel erection|erected]] around a 7.5m x 7.8m [[Concept_design#Floor grids|grid pattern]], while below in the car park there is a larger 7.5m x 15.6m [[Concept_design#Floor grids|grid]]. As not every steel column has a subterranean member to sit on, a series of transfer beams is incorporated into the suspended slab.

Explaining why steel was chosen for the [[Retail_buildings|retail blocks]], Ms Telling says: “The steel buildings offer [[Retail_buildings#Flexibility|flexibility]] as tenant requirements may change over time and columns can be removed to create larger stores. Steel was also chosen to minimise the overall [[Retail_buildings#Lightweight construction|structural weight]].”

Each of the three-storey [[Braced_frames|steel-framed]] [[Retail_buildings|retail blocks]] is an independent structure, gaining its [[Concept_design#Structural options for stability|stability]] from a combination of discreetly positioned concrete [[Concept_design#Concrete or steel cores|cores]], [[Braced_frames#Vertical bracing|bracing]] and [[Continuous_frames|moment frames]]. All of the steel frames support a precast twin wall cladding system that has a brick exterior face. The concrete-framed John Lewis store also has the same cladding, which was chosen for its likeness to the existing Oxford city centre buildings.

As with many city centre projects, logistics is playing a key role on this job. “There are numerous sub-contractors working on site simultaneously and so sequencing the programme and making sure the project’s eight [[Construction#Tower cranes|tower cranes]] are used by everyone as efficiently as possible is vitally important,” sums up Mr Rafferty.

{|class="wikitable" width="400"
|-
|'''Architect'''||BDP / Chapman Taylor
|-
|'''Structural Engineer'''||Waterman Structures
|-
|'''Steelwork Contractor'''||BHC
|-
|'''Main Contractor'''||Laing O’Rourke
|-
|'''Main Client'''||Westgate Oxford Alliance
|}

[[Category:Case studies - Retail buildings]]